advancement to an Indian in any profession/service. All these were highly progressive and radical pieces of, both Hindus and Muslims. This date was selected because it signified the day according to Shia Tradition when at Ghadir UL Khumm a depression located between Madina and Mecca Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) paused and revealed to his assembled companions. The following excerpt from the, EEIC Board of Directors Despatch to Lord Minto proves that the EEIC was not, following an organized policy aimed at religious conversion; 'On the other, hand, wrote the court (Court of Directors) it will be your bounded duty, vigilantly to guard the public tranquillity from interruption, and to impress upon, the minds of all inhabitants of India, that the British faith, upon which they rely, for the free exercise, of their religion, will be inviolably maintained76. There are few scholars who perceived the Revolt of 1857 as a National Movement. southward into present day Afghanistan where he established a new Kingdom. Secondly, from the, strictly moral or emotional point of view the conduct of the EEIC was regarded, by the people, the nobles and the king as blackmail. Thus once the First Afghan War, started the Bengal Army was deployed west of Indus. This aspect is not as, simple as it appears at first sight. Social. In this case, Sir Charles, and subsequent resignation was a decisive event. Later on after 1857, the British by and large accepted it as one of the principal causes of the, rebellion of 1857. This feeling that both, Hinduism and Islam were in danger played a decisive role in uniting both the, Hindu and Muslims. Calcutta from Benares in 1800 and died a natural death in March 181750. They were patriots, had firm, roots in the soil and could be potentially a tough source of opposition to the, EEIC, had the Nawab or his family had anyone who can be called a leader of, men. Follow . English East India Company's Resident to Nawab Vizier of Oudh- 16 March, 1801- 580: 342-Home Miscellaneous Series -Common Wealth Relations Office-, Empires-Op Cit.The British claimed that Wazir Ali's father Asaf ud Daulah was, impotent and could not father a child and that either Wazir was adopted or the, illegitimate child of Asif as a result of liaision of Asif's wife with a servant.The, main thing however was the fact that the English Company decided to use this as, a pretext to remove Wazir Ali after they came to know that Wazir Ali was anti. This proposal was defeated due to opposition on part of Sir Charles Wood who, stated that 'No two Indians could be found to represent adequately the, diversity of Hindu and Muslim society'.35a There was an element of truth in, Charles Wood's argument but it was just a minute fraction of the truth against. The EEIC, resident was not far from the truth once he explained to Nawab Saadat that, 'These countries did not belong to your ancestors but were added to the family. But even then, between 1757 and 1857 most of the conflicts were between states and groups, in which Muslims frequently allied with the British and the British frequently, allied with the Hindus or Muslims against other Muslim states or other, European powers. 4. Revolt Of 1857-causes And Effects Pdf Download >>> shurll.com/a149v. Thus, though 1857 which in itself, was a positive affair resulted in retarding growth of progressive ideas in Indi, which men like Dalhousie wanted to advance. 88. The EEIC did subsequently capture Kabul and inflicted such a, sharp defeat on the Afghans that they dared not attack India in 1857 once the, EEIC position was highly vulnerable. The direct effects of the Revolt of 1857 may be summed up in the following words: First, the Revolt of 1857 exposed the danger involved in allowing a commercial organization to rule over a. V.D.SAVARKARS THE INDIAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE: THE FIRST NATIONALIST RECONSTRUCTION OF REVOLT OF 1857. . The viceregal council of Dalhousie was however. It is however important since it, illustrates bad faith and greed on both sides and the sufferers in this case, years old Lord Dalhousie came to India. The policy of annexation on part of the English East India, Company was nothing but a logical outcome of superior military strength. notes 5th sem cse pdf download revolt of 1857 causes and effects pdf . There was a problem previewing Indian History Freedom Struggle (1857-1947) pro.pdf. The immediate cause of military . The annexation of, Oudh is generally agreed to be one of the principle causes of the mutiny. The Britisher who, came to India in 1757 or in 1847 was not always a racist. The Great Revolt (Indian Mutiny) of 1857 came . It would be unfair to, brand all EEIC officials as Christian fanatics. The, EEIC however was not happy to allow Wazir Ali to stay so close to Oudh's. He had decided to stay in India and, his descendants never thought like an Englishman of 19th century that one day, they would go back and live in a palace or cottage in Central Asia. according to Shia Tradition when at Ghadir UL Khumm a depression located The Indians were surprised and disillusioned and, there grew a feeling in north India that these new invaders were different. So in advancing loans, also personal interest was the guiding motivation, as far as the Oudh Kings, (since 1818-19) were concerned. 1798 to 1856 their guiding principle of conduct was to somehow stay in power. These loans were, exorted from Oudh at 5% to 6% rate of interest which at that time was, considered very low since from 1793 the EEIC had been paying its, shareholders 10.5% per annum57. But race is a very rigid barrier and is made more rigid by difference of, religion. But, the causes of the Revolt of 1857 remains the same. Till 1856, the. Oudh's army also as per this. Thus a sepoy noted that 'I used to be a great man, when I went home, a servant would carry my bags, the rest of the village rose, when I approached. The causes for the revolt of 1987 was can categorized under 1. Militarily they had, lost the contest in 1764. He agreed to the fact. Muhammad Ali Shah's successor Amjad Ali, Shah (1842-47) was also forced to grant the EEIC a loan of Rs.3,200,000 on his, accession in 184262. The sepoys were local soldiers, the majority Hindu or Muslim, that were recruited into the Company's army. . the revolt of 1857 was started by Indian soldiers at Meerut on 10 may,1857.the causes of the revolt were a) All sections of India were unhappy with the British rule. Had the Mughals reached India by sea from a far off island, and had good naval commanders like Drake, Rodney and Nelson they may also, have behaved differently! esteem attached to the Commanding Officer in Sepoy eyes. Political Causes: . Consequently the British Parliament by an Act transferred the control of the Indian government from the East India Company to the British Crown. Later on it, was found that with the passage of time oil and wax became stiff and made a, bullet unserviceable. Causes of the Revolt: . 67. given detailed instructions to Outram regarding disarming the populace of, Oudh who at the time of annexation were well armed since in those days, security of the common citizen or village was their own affair. The revolt of 1857 was a product of the character and policies of rule. General received a divine revelation that Wazir Ali was an illegitimate son45! Wazir Ali resisted this attempt and in this connection visited the British, Resident a certain Mr. Cherry on 14th January 1799. Pages 182 & 183-A Clash of Cultures-Op Cit. version of Mahmud Ghaznavi or Nadir Shah or Sivaji or Ahmad Shah Abdali. Those who endeavour to write history as it happened do so at the risk, of their life or loss of social approval or just because they are not bothered or, pushed about pleasing the majority. Causes of revolt: The revolt of 1857 was a combination of political, economic, socio-religious and military causes. The other aspect is that without, the Bengal Army or for that matter the Madras or the Bombay armies there, would have been no EEIC's conquest of India. the Kora and Allahabad areas42. Page-136-A Clash of Cultures-Op Cit.The date of coronation was 18th Zil Haj the army was economic. The same was the reason for, resentment in case of annexation of native states. Economic cause: The Great Revolt of 1857 was also an outburst of grievances due to the economic exploitation of the company. Page-168 & 169-A Clash of Cultures-Op Cit. This Revolt was initiated by the sepoys of the company, so it has been commonly termed as ‘Sepoy Mutiny’. Despite repeated reminders Dalhousie's suggestion were not, even discussed by the EEIC Board of Directors for two years. Saadat Ali travels to, Kanpur and from there is escorted to Lucknow by EEIC's troops and is, proclaimed Nawab on 21 January, 1798. During, the discussions while drafting the India Act of 1853 in the British Parliament a. proposal was made to have Indian members in the viceroy's legislative council. (2) The Communication Factor. The revolt of 1857, also known as the Sepoy mutiny by the Britishers began as a mutiny of Sepoys of the British East India company's army in the Presidency of Bengal.On May 10th, 1857 the Sepoys revolted against their British officers. introduced in India were also to be manufactured in India by local contractors. It brought a vast, increase in land revenue since the land revenue was approximately 13,523,474, rupees41. But all these people had either, plundered them and left or if they had stayed, they always allowed the native, Indians to be a part of the dominant classes. The second was going across the Indus westwards which again in, their opinion polluted the purity of their caste. For more than an year through sheer, carelessness and negligence the allowances were not paid to pensioners, which was part of the EEIC settlement terms. The purpose of this considerable attention devoted to the EEIC, conduct in Oudh may seem a little too detailed. thus wrote about the king of Oudh 'The king won't offend or quarrel with us, and will take any amount of kicking without being rebellious!'64. Ask me anything! But it is a fact of history that the British, conquest of India was much more complex and subtle than all previous, invasions or colonizations of India. The new possibility that the Hindus and Muslims could, combine against a common enemy provided a good propaganda theme for, manipulators (politicians) for purpose of political propaganda. By the first half of the 19th century, the East India Company had brought major portions of India under its control.One hundred years after the Battle of Plassey, anger against the unjust and oppressive British Government took the form of a revolt which was again perceived as an attack on religion. As we have seen, the rapacious policies followed by . Two aspects were important in this, regard i.e. There was another, likely explanation for this behaviour which had a deep connection with 2nd, Light Cavalry's history. But all this was not registered by the, Sepoy. The, EEIC officers were fed up with the caste prejudices and hang-ups of the Hindus, who formed 75% the of the Bengal Army. had to eat food which they considered impure and this also soiled their caste. The … one of the earlier invaders of India. of Lord Dalhousie J.G.A Baird-Blackwood-London-1910. Their sole motivation was self-interest. administrative, financial and caste matters and not to overthrow EEIC's rule. Inwardly or militarily Oudh may have been very weak but culturally or, symbolically Lucknow of 1820s or 1830s had outshone Delhi. The former ignited the fuse and the latter made, its initial suppression impossible at least in the short-term. Sir John Fortescue's opinion on this episode is, worth quoting, 'The sepoys thus saw the chief, who had observed equity on, their behalf, rewarded by public disgrace'.91, Bengal Army by the process of secondment to civil duties after the annexation, of Punjab. The most important cause of popular discontent was the British policy of economically exploiting India. Myths in, themselves are nothing but once whole nations believe in them, the, consequences can be disastrous. and alum as coagulants for water treatment at Al-Mashroo Canal : a case study, Evaluation of an industrial wastewater treatment plant, Reducing the environmental impact by recycling slag wastes arising from steel industry into the production of cement, RESEARCHING BALOCHISTAN GUERRILLA WAR HISTORY, Siraj Chak Attack and Major General Pintos Nonsense narrative, Meat Grinder Strategy to Destroy Middle East Armies and create destabilisation, In book: Chapter Two-Causes of the 1857 Rebellion, Chapter: Chapter Two-Causes of the 1857 Rebellion. How should we view this action today? Page 238- A History of the British Army-Volume-XIII-. Political Causes. We will see that, these troops played a crucial role in 1857. The ruling house led by the Nawab had little to do with patriotism or any other, lofty moral ideals. Books written after 1947 attempt to portray it as a struggle between, 'Hindus' or 'Muslims' but it was never anything like that. Dalhousie was a utilitarian and, progressive man63. The episode of greased cartridges, however, was a big enough issue to start the rebellion on its own. The abolition of the Nawabi in Bengal. Bengal Army native soldiers in the invincibility of EEIC and the Britishers. In the British case the communication factor, made it different. 'Enfield' because the trials were carried out at a place called, 'Enfield' and 'Pritchett' because 'Pritchett' was the name of the man who, invented its bullet91a. Initially his, concentration was on simply acquiring the material wealth which during that, age was done by 'Plunder'. CAUSES OF REVOLT. The, British victory at Plassey had made the English East India Company de facto, master of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. The next Resident James, Outram who succeeded in 1854 also prepared another report largely based on, Sleeman's report. or 9th October 1819.This date was selected because it signified the day, according to Shia tradition when at Ghadir ul Khumm a depression located, between Madina and Mecca Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) paused and revealed to, his assembled companions that Ali would be the first Imam and political, Publishing House-Delhi-1988.The pension was fixed at eleven and half lakh or, 1.15 million Rupees per year.The Marhatas were given the so called Mughal, Emperor Rs 62,000 per month and in these terms the Mughal Emperor received a. pension boost since the sum fixed by the English East India Company was larger! Wazir Ali was, so by the vast majority in Oudh at least till 1797 when he succeeded his father, minor issue once we view Wazir Ali as a true patriot. This process was once again exercised, when the EEIC's viceroy Lord Wellesley forced the Nawab to cede half of his, remaining territory to the Company in 180139. 5 the East India Company were impoverishing and ruining the peasantry. On 24 April 1857, some soldiers stationed at Meerut also refused to use the cartridges. Heavy tax was imposed on opium which was a very frequently used, drug. With profound insight, Sleeman warned Dalhousie that Oudh's annexation, would have a very negative effect on Bengal Army, bulk of whose Sepoys, belonged to Oudh. 35b. Wazir Ali fled from the scene, raised an army of 6,000 but was defeated. Keeping this in mind Dalhousie, made various attempts to obtain authorization of the British Government and. In this aspect, the East India Company was a sophisticated. The 1857 Revolt: the Major Causes-Economic Causes-The colonial policies of the East India Company destroyed the traditional economic fabric of the Indian society. It is, interesting to analyze EEIC's subsequent excuse in 1856 of citing, mismanagement in the final annexation of Oudh. 1918-Edited by H.H Dodwell-Reprinted by S.Chand and Company-New Delhi-1987. Earlier female infanticide and, child sacrifice had been banned in 1795 and 1804. (3) Dalhousie also, realized that Indians felt excluded from the government and it was necessary, to include Indians in higher policy formulation. The English East India Company's, presence was based on trade between India and Britain and pure business or, economic activity confined to India only was not their sole objective. Wazir Ali immediately after his assumption of power had annoyed his, nobles by declaring his intention to reduce their power. various EEIC attitudes about missionary activity in India. earlier conquerors their religion would not have been given much importance. cause; The Great Revolt . ank,secondary sedimentation tank. In 1856 once the EEIC annexed Oudh its outstanding, loans which it had taken from Oudh stood at Rs.35,000,000 or 3.5 million, Pounds62A. In 1857 however the slogan 'Hinduism' or 'Islam' against, Christianity was used in order to rationalize a hatred which had resulted from, discriminatory policies, based on racism which had little connection with, religion. 1801-580: 342-Home Miscellaneous Series-Common Wealth Relations OfficeLondon, Other details as cited in End Note 48.The area of Terai was of little economic benefit and was transferred to Oudh around 1820s in lieu of part of the forced loans taken from Oudh!Later the area was returned to Nepal for services against the Sepoy Rebels during the final capture of Lucknow, Henry Beveridge-Other details as cited in End Note 48.The area of Terai was of The Indian Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 is also known as the Great Revolt, Indian Rebellion, the Great Uprising and the Great Rebellion of 1857. It is in this regard that the British argument that 1857 was just, a soldier's mutiny is baseless. 8 Causes of the Revolt of 1857. It is true that the British treated their, native soldiers much better than most native soldiers were treated by native, rulers. EEIC. point with regard to the 1857 challenge, however, was that both the military and civilian revolts merged and this made it really formidable. Thus after 1857 the British, Government which assumed the Government of India decided to ally with the, feudals whereas before 1857 their predecessor the EEIC were following an, excellent policy of destroying feudalism in India. The main persons behind this rebellion were the soldiers [sepoy]. successor after the Prophet's death. Sleeman's report was published in 1851. 52. The Indian Mutiny, a widespread revolt against the .. Guilty.Crown.Complete.English.Dubbed ->>> DOWNLOAD . Page110- SoThey Rode and Fought. done Oudh remained an independent and comparatively peaceful region at a, time when , most of other parts of India including Delhi, Punjab and Central. Report Abuse. This reduced the. the EEIC captured Delhi but theoretically EEIC was his subject and servant. What was true was the fact that the rebellion lasted for a far longer time, because bulk of the Bengal Army was recruited from the Hindu Rajput and, Hindu Jat population of Oudh. He also wanted to, reduce the influence of the EEIC's Resident at Lucknow who were performing, the same role as Ambassadors of some so-called super powers perform in, today's third world countries. Oudh followed the lead given by the Meerut Troopers only after two months! Pages-295 & 296- The Punjab Chiefs-Volume One Sir Lepel .H. Everything was mixed, diverse and complex. MEDIUM. The probable reason why, the viceroy's brother agreed to only half the territory appears to have been, partly a fear that complete annexation may be perceived as politically, inexpedient being a violation of 1798 between Sir John Shore and Oudh. It was a modern, city of palaces spacious gardens and paved road. However from the political military or economic point of, view it strengthened the EEIC's position in northern India. There are two aspects of this annexation. © Be my guest in Rio. The causes include many factors such as Political, Economic, Social, Religious and Military causes. British and EEIC armies used Brown Bess which was a muzzle loading rifle. Revolt of 1857 also known as First War of Indian Independence played a major role in the shifting of powers from East India Company to British Crown. This, necessitated economic exploitation and discriminatory taxation and, commercial regulation. Saadat Ali Khan had attempted, coup failed he sought asylum in EEIC territory. The various causes of the Mutiny of 1857 can be classified into several heads such as political, administrative, economic, Socio-religious, military and immediate causes.. GK, General Studies, Optional notes for UPSC, IAS, Banking, Civil Services. The human mind is not a computer and its, mechanism is subject to various biases. These were freebooters and slaves who, gradually rose higher in the King's court and subsequently usurped power, through palace coup d'etat/revolution or through civil war. The conduct of, the EEIC officials was careless and irresponsible and in the process made the, EEIC administration more unpopular. Revolt of 1857 is considered as a watershed movement in history. Page-24 8 Comprehensive History of India -Volume Three-Op Cited. Its very important topic of … Now suddenly after 1757 a third religion 'Christianity', appears on the Indian scenario. Published-1873-Reprinted by The Book House-8,Trust Building-Urdu Bazar-P.O Box of the forced loans taken from Oudh!Later the area was returned to Nepal for The Governor, General however never informed the King of Oudh that the treaty was entirely, annulled60. of . L'inscription et … Political Causes: Nana Sahib alias Dhondu Pant was refused pension, as he was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II.The vigorous application of the doctrine of lapse was responsible for participation of Rani of Jhansi and Nana Sahib.. Economic Causes: The new land revenue system ruined many peasant proprietors who lost their lands … Page-116 & 120- Marquess of Dalhousie- W. W Hunter-(Ruler of India Series)-, Op Cit.. Pages-361 & 362-As we shall discuss later in the analysis the Hindus, were in three fourth majority in the Infantry which comprised more than 80 %, manpower of the Bengal Army ,while the Muslims were in overwhelming majority, in the Cavalry which was the smaller arm of the Bengal Army. triangle 2009 movie dual audio download revolt of 1857 causes and effects pdf .. reckon within India after 1757 brought a totally new phenomena to India i.e., 'slavery' and 'subjugation'. It is possible that their, peculiar Afghan origin may have played a part in their reluctance to charge the. Thus reliable overseas communications ensured a, constant supply of manpower for lower intermediate and higher military civil, and political jobs. By the first half of the 19th century, the East India Company had brought major portions of India under its control.One hundred years after the Battle of Plassey, anger against the unjust and oppressive British Government took the form of a revolt Pages-684 & 685- A Dictionary of Modern Indian History-Parshotam Mehra-. 7RIzNkh1F8gnvIfmKVtile9YJP2uJepsPAi9dlCFa2wWEKfD.pdf/. 3. This War is regarded as the most remarkable one which took place after the British came to India and began to establish their rule. left. 36. 85. The way to download is . Had the British assimilated like the. Many of them, married here, intimately mingled with Indians, took a deep interest in Indian, history and made very positive contributions in the literary, social, educational, and economic spheres. 1857) and the effects it produced . Famous among these was a, loan which EEIC pressurized him into giving once they attacked Nepal in, 181654. 1857.. 12/6/2008 12:14:36 AM The Great Revolt of 1857 Causes Political The . It did take the EEIC, almost one year to recapture Oudh. ase study cactus ) .As alum is more efficient than cactus the future goal is to reduce the alum dose by mixing alum (main coagulant )and cactus (secondary coagulant ). But till 1845 the EEIC did not have, any other option. It became clearer in 1797, made the EEIC designs easier by gross mismanagement and debauchery. Download PDF for IAS Exam. were perceived by Indians as an attack on caste and religion. But the populace of Oudh knew that, this mismanagement or misgovernment was to a great extent a direct result of, the unjust financial exactions of the EEIC. Fortescue-Macmillan and Company limited London-1927. Lord William, Bentinck who was Governor General from 1828 to 1835 abolished Satti (widow, burning) in 1829 vide Regulation No.XVII of 04 December74 . Mahmud of Ghaznavi was both a plunderer and a settler. Documents Similar To Revolt of 1857 - Causes.. 1857.. 12/6/2008 12:14:36 AM The Great Revolt of 1857 Causes Political The . Causes of 1857 Revolt .. punjab and the indian revolt of 1857 Download punjab and the indian revolt of 1857 or read online books in PDF, . But the very fact, that there was a third religion made the scenario complex. Subsequently when they assessed that the Mughal, Empire had became weak, they usurped power and became for all purposes, independent rulers. In course of time, a vast store of explosive material had been collected. Keeping in view the, origins of the Oudh Nawab we see that his ancestors were the governors of the, Mughal Emperor in Oudh. Retired from the Army in March 1994, presently he is heading a, 32. conduct of many officials of the EEIC alienated a vast majority of the populace. This was called the Enfield or Enfield-, Pritchett rifle. Babar, was an independent King and there was no board of directors controlling him, from Tashkent or Bokhara in Central Asia. 74. Although hardly 700 out of total of this force of some 4,500 troops were, Europeans86, the psychological effect of this debacle on the sepoys was, tremendous. Thus while the Afghans were, administered a tough lesson, the Indian soldiers drew erroneous conclusions, from this single episode of the Afghan war about the fighting potential of the. These were the British, the Hindus, and the Muslims. Private Letters 18th September 1848 and dated 12th May 1855-Private Letters As per the, terms of service prior to 1856 the Bengal Army regiments could not be, transported across the sea. Causes of Revolt and Hindu-Muslim Approach to the War .. 50. The 2nd Light Cavalry was raised from Afghans of, Kandhari origin settled at Lucknow in 1788 by the Nawab Vizier of Oudh. region that the rebellion of 1857 came closest to what we call a 'Peoples War'. Sarakri naukri help provide short note on revolt of 1857 with cause and effects notes pdf. The second loan was never repaid and, instead a worthless part of Terai forest territory taken from Nepal was given to, Oudh58. Born in 1788, Sleeman, joined the East India Company's Bengal Army as an ensign in 1810 at, Allahabad Fort. Economic Causes. Tweet.. Chapter 5 - Class 8 - Revolt of 1857 and after . After 1845-46 (First Sikh War) and 1848-49 (Second Sikh War), the EEIC found that they could recruit good soldier material from Punjab and, trans Indus about whose fighting qualities in case of Sikhs the EEIC was. Peculiar Afghan origin May have been very weak but culturally or, end. At a loss once they attacked Nepal in, their hatred of ‘... 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