Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. People in different parts of the world could now identify themselves as co-citizens inhabiting an interdependent world. The Victorian era is marked with great changes in the history of the UK that was to impact and influence the political, economic, religious, and cultural scene in the rest of the world for years to come. Although the Victorian era was a period of extreme social inequality, industrialisation brought about rapid changes in everyday life. Glass is a transparent, typically brittle non-crystalline solid material and has the ability to … Doctrinal disputes within Christianity and the debate between science and religion were the talks of the day. Britain became the richest country in the world, but many people worked long hours in harsh conditions. The Victorian Web is the WWW translation of Brown University's Context 61, which serves as a resource for courses in Victorian literature. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. England’s Victorian era takes its name from Queen Victoria, British monarch between 1837 and 1901. Mary, the Regent Era was a … beautifulwithbrains says: August 8, 2010 at 7:52 pm. On the other hand, Ireland’s population decreased rapidly, primarily due to the Irish Potato Famine (1845–1849), from 8.2 million in 1841 to less than 4.5 million in 1901. The gro… Victorians: Commerce Overseas trade and an extensive commercial infrastructure made Britain in the 19th century the most powerful trading nation in … Victorian era, in British history, the period between approximately 1820 and 1914, corresponding roughly but not exactly to the period of Queen Victoria’s reign (1837–1901) and characterized by a class-based society, a growing number of people able to vote, a growing state and economy, and Britain’s status as the most powerful empire in the world. During the Victorian period men and women’s roles became more sharply defined than at any time in history. Glass is a transparent, typically brittle non-crystalline solid material and has the ability to … The early part of the Victorian era was notorious for child labor. Dramatic expansion of the empire meant that such goods came to Britain from all over the world. The period saw the British Empire grow to become the first global industrial power, producing much of the world's coal, iron, steel and textiles. This involved massive dislocation and radically altered the nature of society. Victorian Era is seen as the link between Romanticism of the 18th century and the realism of the 20th century. It took many years for both government and people to adjust to the new conditions. It contains material on Victorian society, literature, technology, and other areas, primarily on Victorian England. The Victorian Era is an age of British history spanning the 63-year reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901). This hysteria was supposed to be a build-up of fluid in the woman’s womb and doctors assumed that since men ejaculated and felt … The Victorian era left behind a legacy that was to influence the human society in the UK and in many other parts of the world for the years to come. With the advent of the Poor Law system, Victorian workhouses, designed to deal with the issue of pauperism, in fact became prison systems detaining the most vulnerable in society. The Victorian era covers Queen Victoria's reign June 1837 -January 1901. The Victorian era marks a period in history, applicable to the United Kingdom and its overseas Empire, that began at the start of Queen Victoria’s rule on June 20, 1837, and ended with her death on January 22, 1901. At the beginning of the Victorian era in 1837, most people would have used candles and oil or gas lamps to light their homes and streets. The Edwardian period (1901 to 1910) succeeded the Victorian era and covered the rule of King Edward VII. The Victorian Era began in 1837 with the start of Queen Victoria’s reign and ended in 1901 with her death. As is suggested by the sexual double standard, gender was considered to be biologically based and to be determinative of almost every aspect of an individual’s potential and character. For more than 60 years, this period gave birth to a great revolution in the country’s fashions and art—influences and trends that still bleed through to the present. A general belief prevailed in the Victorian society that it was the duty of Britain to Christianize and civilize the world. Charles Dickens (1812–1870) dominated the first part of Victoria’s reign: his first novel, Pickwick Papers, was published in 1836. How Many Serial Killers Are Active In The UK Now? Most women over age 30 got the right to vote in 1918. Cousin marriages remained popular among the … Victorian age is named after Victoria, who became a queen in 1837 at the age of 18 and ruled for 68 years until her death in 1901. Britain took control of large parts of Africa (including Egypt, Sudan, and Kenya), which together were home to about 30 percent of the African population. Penny dreadfuls and sensation novels, seen at their best in the work of Wilkie Collins, thrilled their readers. ; One big reason why the Industrial Revolution happened was because of … Although the novel had been in development since the 18th century with the works of Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Samuel Richardson and the others, it was in this period that the novel got mass acceptance and readership. With the advent of the Poor Law system, Victorian workhouses, designed to deal with the issue of pauperism, in fact became prison systems detaining the most vulnerable in society. Guglielmo Marconi came up with the radio in 1895. The Victorian era saw considerable expenditure on monuments to civic pride. He also wrote a christmas carol and the Adventures of Oliver Twist William Makepeace Thackeray was an English novelist and author of the 19th century. Yet the front held, and the massed forces behind it were at their strongest after the multiplied assaults of 1848.…. The period saw the British Empire grow to become the first global industrial power, producing much of the world's coal, iron, steel and textiles. Local politics were also important. A result of this was the development of slums where people lived in miserable conditions. Church attendance was high during this time. Many middle-class observers thought that working-class people imitated middle-class people as much as they could, but they were mistaken; working-class cultures (which varied by locality and other factors) were strong, specific, and premised on their own values. During this period England changed from a rural, agricultural country to an urban, industrialised one. In the Victorian Era – specifically 1837 to 1901 – doctors treated woman by genital stimulation to induce “hysterical paroxysm” or an orgasm. Formal national politics was dominated by two major parties, the Liberal Party and the Conservative (or Tory) Party. Much of this expansion involved violence, including the Indian Mutiny (1857–59), the Morant Bay Rebellion (1865) in Jamaica, the Opium Wars (1839–42, 1856–60) in China, and the Taranaki War (1860–61) in New Zealand. Victorian novels were often quite long, with complicated plots (often centred on marriages) and many characters. Some were aimed at highly educated and well-off people, others at less-educated readers looking for appealing and exciting stories. How Many Serial Killers Are On The Loose Today? According to that double standard, men wanted and needed sex, and women were free of sexual desire and submitted to sex only to please their husbands. Victorian Literature is the literature produced during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) A.D. During this time, England was undergoing a cultural upheaval For men sex was central, and for women reproduction was central. Victorian performance and print culture were rich and varied, a blend of melodrama, spectacle, and morality. Music halls attracted people of all classes. This is a list of movies or/and mini series set in the 1837-1901. The novel as a genre rose to entertain the rising middle class and to depict the contemporary life in a changing society. Types Of Crimes By Number Of Offenses In The US, The 10 Biggest Shopping Malls In The World. Hand-held cameras became available since 1889. Trade was at its best. British jobs abroad included civil and military service, missionary work, and infrastructure development. Many different styles were revived, and often more than one influence featured on a single piece. At the start of the period, MPs were elected by the half-million property-owning men (in a population of 21 million) who had the vote. When was the Victorian era? beautifulwithbrains says: August 8, 2010 at 7:52 pm. The Victorian era witnessed a dramatic increase in Britain’s population which soared from 13.9 million in 1831 to 32.5 million in 1901. The ideals and practices of the Victorian era were not limited to England alone but was prevalent in the British colonies across the world. The Period is often divided into two parts: the early Victorian Period (ending around 1870) and the late Victorian Period. Victorian society was organized hierarchically. Some scholars suggest the Victorian period can include the period from 1832 (passing of Reform Act, which increased the size of the electorate). The following poets, poems, guides, articles, and recordings survey the many poetries springing up during the Victorian era. The standards of morality were also very high in the Victorian era England. Meanwhile, the Victorian era saw a rise in awareness of birth defects associated with reproduction among relatives. It thus starts from Social stability and peace abroad allowed rapid industrialization in England. The focus on morality and public duty took deep root and were to influence the actions of future governments in many parts of the world. Most Victorian Britons were Christian. By the end of the era, most beds had no curtains at all, and headboards and footboards were the smaller size common today. These standards did not mesh with the reality of a society that featured prostitution, venereal disease, women with sexual desires, and men and women who felt same-sex desire, but they were important nonetheless. Victorian Period: Early & Late . For those who love everything Victorian in literature, fashion, and period dramas, this is the perfect page for you! The increased prosperity also boosted fertility rates in the country which increased every decade until the end of the Victorian era. Britain’s status as a world political power was bolstered by a strong economy, which grew rapidly between 1820 and 1873. Theatre thrived. The Victorian era was a great time of invention and, of course, the famous Industrial Revolution. Women were also thought to be naturally more religious and morally finer than men (who were distracted by sexual passions by which women supposedly were untroubled). The Victorian period refers to the reign of Queen Victoria, 1837–1901. She and her husband, Prince Consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, had nine children, through whose marriages were descended many of the royal families of Europe.…, The implementation of the liberal, regulative state emerging after the Napoleonic Wars involved a number of new departures. This half-century of growth was followed by an economic depression and from 1896 until 1914 by a modest recovery. Full adult suffrage, with no property requirement, was achieved with the second Representation of the People Act (1928). According to Headstuff, John Tawell was one of the first criminals to learn all about connections — the hard way. The Anglican churches of England, Wales, and Ireland were the state churches (of which the monarch was the nominal head) and dominated the religious landscape (even though the majority of Welsh and Irish people were members of other churches). Infrastructural facilities were expanded and established throughout the country that facilitated industry and trade. Author of. The Victorian era was a time of unprecedented population increase in England. His most famous work Vanity Fairappeared in 1848. So, the period from 1837 to 1901 is called the Victorian era. The Victorian Era spans the reign of Queen Victoria from June 20, 1837, until her death on January 22, 1901. During the Victorian period, Britain was a powerful nation with a rich culture. However, the scenario gradually started to change in the latter half of the period with the implementation of laws related to child welfare. During the Victorian era, the Industrial Revolution was happening – this is when scientific inventions meant that it was easier to make things to sell, and that those things could be sent to places further away than before. For those who are serious about Period Dramas and deem a movie/mini series worthy to be listed, add your comments. The human society in the UK underwent some dramatic changes in the Victorian era. The harsh system of the workhouse became synonymous with the Victorian era, an institution which became known for its terrible conditions, forced child labour, long hours, malnutrition, beatings … …name to an era, the Victorian Age. For those who are serious about Period Dramas and deem a movie/mini series worthy to be listed, add your comments. This time was very prosperous for the British people. Many, especially those by Charles Dickens, are still read today. Before that the courses all tended to arrive at once. Included are laureates and bestsellers, as well as marginalized poets recovered by 20th- and 21st-century readers. It thus starts from June 20, 1837, when Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom and ends on January 22, 1901, the date of the Queen’s death. India became central to imperial status and wealth. The growth of the state and state intervention were seen in major acts that limited hours for factory workers and miners, in public health acts, and in the provision of elementary education by the state. Increased wealth, including higher real wages from the 1870s, meant that even working-class people could purchase discretionary items. The first postage stamp was invented during this time which standardized the postage price. Victorian Period. The Victorian British Empire dominated the globe, though its forms of rule and influence were uneven and diverse. There is some truth to both sides of this stereotype. The Victorian era. Chartist demonstration, Kennington Common, 1848; illustration from. Great advances were made in the technological, cultural, and scientific fields. When read and reread, this already diverse era … Men were meant to participate in politics and in paid work, while women were meant to run households and raise families. Corrections? The same period also saw the start of anticolonial movements that demanded freedom from British domination in India and elsewhere. The harsh system of the workhouse became synonymous with the Victorian era, an institution which became known for its terrible conditions, forced child labour, long hours, malnutrition, beatings … The monarchs during this period were Queen Victoria (1837–1901), preceded by King George IV (1820–30) and King William IV (1830–37) and followed by King Edward VII (1901–10) and King George V (1910–36). A well educated middle class ruled the country and the British Empire.Other countries also prospered but Britain became the greatest great power.. There was some religious diversity, as Britain also was home to other non-Anglican Protestants (notably Methodists), Roman Catholics, Jews, Muslims, Hindus, and others (at the end of the period there were even a few atheists). Mortality rates also decreased during the Victorian era due to improved environmental and health standards. It was a time of rapid change and thanks to the Industrial Revolution saw the country evolve from a largely rural environment to an urban, industrialised one. The 19th century was one of rapid development and change, far swifter than in previous centuries. The Church of Scotland was Presbyterian. The Victorian Era was a time of change, of innovation, and of really strange social values. Strictly speaking, the Victorian era began in 1837 and ended with Queen Victoria's death in 1901, but the period can b… In earlier centuries it had been usual for women to work alongside husbands and brothers in the family business. Mass production meant that clothes, souvenirs, newspapers, and more were affordable to almost everyone. The 1880s saw the emergence of “the New Journalism,” which drew in readers with pieces on violent crimes and scandals in high society. The Victorian era fashion used a large amount of fabric which is why you could see a lot of fashionable Victorian era clothing items like hoop skirt, ruffled dresses, the bloomer costume, etc., come into the picture. The working class, about 70 to 80 percent of the population, got its income from wages, with family incomes usually under £100 per annum. This era extended from 1871 to 1914 and was characterized by regional peace and economic prosperity. Victorian literature is literature written in England during the reign of Queen Victoria, or roughly from 1837 -1901. It also controlled a large empire, and it was wealthy, in part because of its degree of industrialization and its imperial holdings and in spite of the fact that three-fourths or more of its population was working-class. It was during the Victorian era that people were starting to get their first taste of this kind of connection. It is largely characterized by the struggle of working people and the triumph of right over wrong. The Victorian era of the United Kingdom was a time of Queen Victoria's rule from 1837 to 1901. Of course, some decades were times of plenty, others of want. Also interested in the Victorian era, but I have to say that I’m partial to the Regency era mainly because of Jane Austen. Victorian gender ideology was premised on the “doctrine of separate spheres.” This stated that men and women were different and meant for different things. Article Overview of the Victorian Era. The Victorian era is what we call the time that Queen Victoria reigned: 1837-1901. During this era, Britain was transformed from a predominantly rural, agricultural society into an urban, industrial one. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Wonder how later generations will think of our own beauty trends?? This involved massive dislocation and … Era of Peace and Prosperity. The best-known Victorian scientific development is that of the theory of evolution. The Victorian era also overlaps with Pax Britannica (Latin for "British Peace”), a period of relative peace in Europe where the British Empire played the role of a global hegemonic power. The upper class had titles, wealth, land, or all three; owned most of the land in Britain; and controlled local, national, and imperial politics. One reason for the increase was that there was no catastrophic epidemic or famine in England or Scotland in the nineteenth century. Those who could see into the future would have been excited to see the dawn of a long period of peace and prosperity in … The Victorian era is the period in the history of the United Kingdom that begins and ends with Queen Victoria’s reign in the country. The Victorian era is generally agreed to stretch through the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901). He is known for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair, a panoramic portrait of English society. Although the economy of the country flourished, the people in the slum areas lived in impoverished conditions. More access made British cultural products more important. The Victorian Era may not have been the start of the institutionalisation of patients with mental health problems, but it was certainly a period when the numbers of asylums and patients treated within them, exploded. During the Victorian period, the House of Commons became the centre of government, the House of Lords lost power (though it remained influential until the Parliament Act of 1911), and the monarchy transformed into a symbol of the nation. Money, too, flowed both ways—the empire was a source of profit, and emigrants sent money home to Britain—as did goods such as jute, calico cotton cloth, and tea. Members of both houses were wealthy men. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Victorian era was preceded by the Georgian period (1714 to 1830) that was characterized by the rule of the first four Hanoverian kings who were all named George. By mid-century, Britons of all classes could afford and read novels. The House of Commons consisted of about 600 men called members of Parliament (MPs), who were elected to represent the counties and boroughs of England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. Class was both economic and cultural and encompassed income, occupation, education, family structure, sexual behaviour, politics, and leisure activities. At the beginning of the Victorian era in 1837, most people would have used candles and oil or gas lamps to light their homes and streets. Victorian Era Literature Characteristics As is quite evident from the title the kind of literature that evolved during the reign of Queen Victoria is famously known as the Victorian era literature. Most families not only had a home and enough to eat but also had something leftover for alcohol, tobacco, and even vacations to the countryside or the seaside. The Victorian era covers Queen Victoria's reign June 1837 -January 1901. Victorian children loved an adventure story! 11) This period was a great time for the arts, too! The Victorian Era is an age of British history spanning the 63-year reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901). Victorians: Commerce Overseas trade and an extensive commercial infrastructure made Britain in the 19th century the most powerful trading nation in … According to Headstuff, John Tawell was one of the first criminals to learn all about connections — the hard way. Meanwhile, the Victorian era saw a rise in awareness of birth defects associated with reproduction among relatives. Most others never talked about sex; respectable middle-class women in particular were proud of how little they knew about their own bodies and childbirth. Charlotte Brontë was an English novelist and p… Melodrama—which featured evil villains, virtuous heroines, and intricate plots—was the most important and most popular genre early on; later, sensation drama became popular. Because the Regency Era ended in 1820, we decided to lump the post Regency era together with the Victorian Period. There was a great increase in foreign missionary activity and Christianity was preached in all the colonies of the British Empire. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, The Victorian stereotype and double standard, Religion and science in the Victorian era, Government and politics in the Victorian era, https://www.britannica.com/event/Victorian-era, British history, the period between approximately 1820 and 1914. Britain became the world leader in advanced engineering and technology. It was a tremendously exciting period when many artistic styles, literary schools, as well as, social, political and religious movements flourished. There were hundreds of magazines and newspapers available at ever cheaper prices. By this time the role of the monarch was to reign, rather than rule. As cities in the country grew in size, infrastructural inadequacies came to light. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Political conflicts between Ireland and Britain and the rise of Irish nationalism were also hallmarks of the era, as were women’s rights activism, which resulted in the Married Women’s Property Acts, the repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts, and the growth of education and employment options for women. For more than 60 years, this period gave birth to a great revolution in the country’s fashions and art—influences and trends … Wonder how later generations will think of our own beauty trends?? Also, check out the ages that preceded the Victorian era – the Georgian era, the Regency era and the Edwardian era which was after the Victorian age. While most working-class families could not live out the doctrine of separate spheres, because they could not survive on a single male wage, the ideology was influential across all classes. October 19, 2011 By The Victorian Emporium The history of creating glass goes back to 3500BC in Mesopotamia and the word derives from the latin term Glesum. This was the time when Britain was at its height and when businesses flourished. Even more popular were music halls, which featured varied programs of singing, dancing, sketches, and more; these emerged in the 1850s, and by the 1870s there were hundreds across Britain, some seating thousands of people. It forms a link and transition between the writers of the romantic period and the … Today “Victorian” connotes a prudish refusal to admit the existence of sex, hypocritically combined with constant discussions of sex, thinly veiled as a series of warnings. Professor of History, Hamline University. England had many more representatives than the other three nations, by virtue of its status as first among these four equals, the product of tradition as well as its greater political power and wealth. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. At the national level, government consisted of the monarch and the two houses of Parliament, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It had a stable government, a growing state, and an expanding franchise. The Victorian era of the United Kingdom was a time of Queen Victoria 's rule from 1837 to 1901. Many other innovations were realized during the Victorian era. The new industrial and commercial middle classes of the Victorian era were great patrons of the arts, and some British provincial art galleries contain major … It thus starts from June 20, 1837, when Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom and ends on January 22, 1901, the date of the Queen’s death. The British constitution was (and is) unwritten and consists of a combination of written laws and unwritten conventions. Look it up now! The Victorian era is what we call the time that Queen Victoria reigned: 1837-1901.; During the Victorian era, the Industrial Revolution was happening – this is when scientific inventions meant that it was easier to make things to sell, and that those things could be sent to places further away than before. There was significant migration to the settler colonies of Australia and New Zealand and later to Canada and South Africa. The low taxes and low levels of government restrictions allowed entrepreneurs to establish flourishing start-ups. The Victorian Web is the WWW translation of Brown University's Context 61, which serves as a resource for courses in Victorian literature. The new scientific and technological knowledge generated in Britain during the Victorian era was also transmitted to other cultures of the world. Some of Britain’s best-known poets, thinkers and authors flourished in the Victorian era, like poet Elizabeth Browning, playwright Oscar Wilde and authors Emily Brontë and Charles Dickens. And being denied a voice and access to institutions certainly did not render nonvoters indifferent to politics or to how power was wielded; they made their opinions on these known via demonstrations, petitions, and pamphlets. The Victorian Era, spanning the duration of Queen Victoria’s rule from 1837 – 1901, is characterized by the expanding horizons of education and literacy, as well as by an increased desire of the people to question religion and politics. The latter half of the Victorian era also overlapped with the Belle Époque or the "Beautiful Era” in Europe. Queen Victoria (1819-1901) was the first English monarch to see her name given to the period of her reign whilst still living ().The Victorian Age was characterised by rapid change and developments in nearly every sphere - from advances in medical, scientific and technological knowledge to changes in population growth and location. Poor people could work in mines, in mills and factories, or in workhouses. Men belonged in the public sphere, while women belonged in the private sphere. The middle class, which got its income (of £100 to £1,000 per annum) from salaries and profit, grew rapidly during the 19th century, from 15 to over 25 percent of the population. Read this article to know about the characteristic features of Victorian Age, characteristics of the Victorian era society, Victorian age characteristics. Other notable inventions made in Victorian … Although the Victorian era is considered to have started from the date of Queen Victoria’s ascension to the throne, according to a section of scholars, the beginning of the Victorian era could be extended to the passage of the Reform Act 1832. Victorian period definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Victorian era, in British history, the period between approximately 1820 and 1914, corresponding roughly but not exactly to the period of Queen Victoria ’s reign (1837–1901) and characterized by a class-based society, a growing number of people able to vote, a growing state and economy, and Britain’s status as the most powerful empire in the world. The preceding Georgian era had lasted from 1714 to 1830, from the reign of George I through George IV. 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