© 2017, One Stop Education Solutions. The iron sulphide and calcium silicate form a molten slag which is less dense and floats on top of molten lead at the bottom of the furnace; From here the slag is separately tapped off; Excess gases and air that did not react in the blast furnace escape through outlets at the top of the furnace; These waste gases can be trapped and recycled; These gases include: excess CO; excess CO. Main pollutant is sulphur (IV) oxide from roasting of the ore. If it is deeper into the earth's crust, use deep mining. The denser water sediments the earthy impurities like soil particles. The reaction is exothermic and once started, it is very vigorous. Read Free Chemistry Form 4 Notes Topic Metals Chemistry Form 4 Notes Topic Metals Right here, we have countless book chemistry form 4 notes topic metals and collections to check out. Iron when heated in sulphur forms iron (II) sulphide. (Courtesy of You Tube). Important notes: ⢠Hydrogen and the metals form positive ions ⢠Non-metals form negative ions, and their names end in ⢠Group 4 and 5 do not usually form ions because they would have to lose or gain several electrons and that takes too ⦠2. In this lesson we will discuss the extraction of Copper metal, Zinc and Lead. Everything around us is categorized into either metals or non-metals. 18.0.0 Acids, Bases and Salts (25 Lessons) 19.0.0 Energy Changes in Chemical and Physical Processes (25 Lessons) 20.0.0 Reaction Rates and Reversible Reactions (15 Lessons) 21.0.0 Electrochemistry (25 Lessons) 22.0.0 Metals (20 Lessons) 23.0.0 Organic Chemistry II (Alkanols and Alkanoic Acids) (20 Lessons) (2 marks), calculate the time taken for a current of 10 amperes to deposit 32kg of pure copper. As the iron drops / falls down the furnace, it melts as it passes through the melting zone/ molten zone (1500. solder and also added to bronze alloys to make them stronger; Lead ingots are used in the manufacture of accumulators; Being so malleable and so chemically inert lead sheeting was used for roofing (look at roofs of old churches and cathedral)-cost and pollution effects have however brought this to a stop; Making lead pipes for water supply; this is also discouraged particularly in soft water areas due to threat of lead poisoning; Making tetraethyl lead (IV) which for many years was used as a fuel additive to increase octane rating of fuels; Used in weights, clock pendulums, plumb bobs etc; due to its high density; It absorbs X-rays and hence lead aprons and lead glass are used to shield hospital radiographers; Used for safe disposal or storage of radioactive substances since no radioactive emission has been known to pass through thick lead blocks; Name the ore that is commonly used in this process. Galvanization of iron sheets to prevent corrosion and rusting. The main ore of iron are; Reduction of Iron( III) Oxide is carried out in a blast furnace. To the filtrate add aqueous sodium hydroxide / ammonium hydroxide dropwise till in excess. Cu2O, Chalcocite Cu2S
The resulting solution is highly alkaline with a PH of 14. petroleum, kerosene, Sodium burns in oxygen with a golden yellow flame to form sodium peroxide. Usually it is channeled to a contact process plant for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Download klb chemistry notes form 4 on metals document. biology ,chemistry, physics, english, kiswahili, history, geography, history, comp, business, mathematics, cre , ire Lead accumulators factories, to utilize the zinc produced. anode. Download and Read Form 4 Chemistry Notes Form 4 Chemistry Notes Titles Type form 4 Chemistry Notes PDF. The filtrate is mainly Sodium aluminate [ NaAl(OH)4] . During electrolysis sodium metal forms at the cathode where as chlorine gas form at the
Copper is used in the manufacture of various products. The carbon(II) Oxide formed reduces the Iron(III)Oxide to iron. Carbon (II) Oxide and coke are the reducing agents in the furnace. CHEMISTRY Form 4 Topics, Non Metals And Their Compounds Organic Chemistry Soil Chemistry Pollution Qualitative Analysis. This is due to the high temperatures involved during the process. Metals combine with other substances to form compounds. Copper (II) sulphate solution is used as the electrolyte. Other elements occur as ores i.e. An ore is any naturally-occurring source of a metal that you can economically extract the metal from. metal bearing rocks. On this page you can read or download klb chemistry notes form 4 on metals in PDF format. Reduction by carbonb.) The ore is crushed to increase the surface area for the succeeding chemical reactions. The complex ions formed are water soluble, and can be separated by filtration, leaving the unwanted materials in the residue. The resultant oxygen gas reacts further with the graphite anode to form carbon (IV) oxide. Thus the ore is first concentrated before the actual extraction. The thermite is ignited using magnesium ribbon fuse, since the reaction will not start at low temperatures. Download Chemistry Form 4 Notes PDF to Print or Offline Reading, With little NH4OH:-Zn2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → Zn(OH)2(s) (White ppt), In excess:Zn(OH)2(aq) + 4NH3(aq) → [Zn(NH)4]2+(aq) (Colourless solution) + 2OH-(aq). Notes 4 CHEMISTRY MODULE - 6 Occurrence and Extraction of Metals Chemistry of Elements Copper India does not have rich copper ore deposits. Making alloys, which have high tensile strength and yet light. Aluminium will burn in air at 800 o C to form is oxide and nitrate. The reaction between Na and dilute acids would be explosive and not safe to investigate. The solution of Zinc in molten lead is cooled further and the Zinc collects on the surface from where it is run off. The impurities makes it brittle and cannot be welded, its used to make cookers, stoves railings, water pipes and not materials that require strength e.g. Making copper wires and contacts in switches, plugs and sockets, Density is 8.92gcm -3 and electrical conductivity is about 5.93 x 10. If you don't see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom â . Prevents sodium reacting with chlorine forming NaCl. Each type of alloy of iron has different uses depending on properties. Play Group: Activities, Homework and Syllabus, Pre-Primary One - PP1: Activities, Homework and Exams, Pre-Primary One - PP2: Activities, Homework and Exams, CBC Grade 1: Subjects, Syllabus and Exams, CBC Grade 2: Subjects, Homework and Exams, CBC Grade 3: Exam Papers, Syllabus and Subjects, CBC Grade 4: Exam Papers, Syllabus and Subjects, ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS - Form 1 Chemistry Notes, AIR AND COMBUSTION - Form 1 Chemistry Notes, INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY - Form 1 Chemistry Notes, SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES - Form 1 Chemistry Notes, WATER AND HYDROGEN - Form 1 Chemistry Notes, Electrolysis of Purified Bauxite (alumina), Last modified on Friday, 18 September 2020 06:58, « Previous - ELECTROCHEMISTRY - Form 4 Chemistry notes, RADIOACTIVITY - Form 4 Chemistry notes - Next », Install our android app for easier access, Click here to download the full document with all topics, Click here to download the pdf version of "METALS: EXTRACTION PROPERTIES AND USES - Form 4 Chemistry notes", and read the full contents of this page. NaCl from 800oC to 600oC.The following video clip shows the electrolysis of molten sodium
The solution of Zinc in molten lead is cooled further and the Zinc collects on the surface where it runs off. Acids, Bases and Salts; Energy Changes in Chemical and Physical Processes; Reaction Rates and Reversible Reactions; Electrochemistry; Metals; Organic Chemistry II (Alkanols and Alkanoic Acids) Radioactivity; WhatsApp us +254 700 755976 to request for hard copy. The carbon( IV) oxide gas raises up and reacts with more coke (carbon) which reduces it to carbon (II)oxide (endothermic reaction). Two reducing agents are used in this process: Coke and carbon (II) oxide; with carbon (II) oxide being the main reducing agent. Increase the dilution of the electrolyte/ use a very dilute electrolyte. Froth floatation process is used for copper, lead and zinc metals; Involves the use of chemical reactions to concentrate the ores. The ore-haematite is crushed and mixed with coke and limestone. Thus oxygen easily gives electrons than fluorine, hence discharge. The resultant sodium is usually collected in liquid/molten state, floating on top of the electrolyte. To the second portion add sodium hydroxide solution dropwise till in excess, formation of a pale blue precipitate insoluble in excess confirms presence of Cu. Study it and answer the questions that follow: Explain why in this process the sodium chloride is mixed with calcium chloride. What is the function of the steel gauze cylinder? Steam reacts with red-hot zinc, forming zinc oxide and liberating hydrogen gas. All the alkali metals when heated with oxygen form different types of oxides for example, lithium forms lithium oxide, sodium forms sodium peroxide, while K, Rb and Cs form their respective superoxides (where M=K, Rb or Cs). Zinc can be purified by further distillation. If you don't see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom â . With concentrated HCl the rate of reaction is increased. These gaseous products lead to serious air pollution. The ore is concentrated by froth floatation . The ore is crushed into fine powder. The cathode is made of steel but the anode is made of graphite. The impure copper is refined by electrolysis. To determine melting point Water bath â to ensure uniform heating Plot graph â y â axis (Start at 50 o C). The ore is crushed and then dilute nitric or hydrochloric or sulphuric acid added to dissolve the ore. The molten iron is then easily tapped off. Sodium occurs chiefly as sodium chloride ,in sea water and salt lakes.Sodium chloride is also found in deposition or rock salt.Sodium is also found as a double salt,NaHCO3.Na2CO3.2H2O (Trona) in lake magadi and as sodium Nitrate deposition found in Chile. An alloy is a uniform mixture of a metal with one or more other substances e.g. C(s) + O2(g)
Outflow pipes from metal processing plants directly pour their waste into rivers and lakes. A blast furnace is a huge structure more than 30 metres tall constructed of steel plates with heat resisting bricks. It is then mixed with coke and limestone and then fed at the top of the furnace using the double bell (double-cone devise) changing system. Hot air-the blast is pumped into the lower part of the furnace. Click the button below to download the full Chemistry Form 4 Notes pdf document, with all the topics. Summary: flow chart on extraction of lead. The Carbon(II) Oxide formed after calcium carbonate decomposes is reduced by the coke to produce more carbon(II) Oxide which reduces more of the Iron Ore. Utilizes the difference in density between the minerals and the unwanted materials. Pure copper is obtained from impure copper by electrolysis. The main pollutants are carbon( IV) Oxide and sulphur (IV) Oxide. The ore is reduced to iron as the charge falls through the furnace. Chemical properties.Note: - Lead is fairly unreactive to most other metals; The flow chart below illustrates the industrial extraction of lead metal. Hence, it is important to know what non-metals and metals are and how to distinguish them. In Kenya , Zinc blende is found at Kaloleni near Mombasa. Copper (II) sulphate is used as a catalyst to speed up the reaction. Limestone and silica SiO2 are added and the mixture heated in the absence of air. Mainly used for minerals containing transition elements such as chromium. Copper occurs in ores as copper pyrites which is mainly CuFeS2, Culprite
We additionally provide variant types and as well as type of the books to browse. Most of the iron produced is converted to steel which is an alloy iron. It covers the entire Chemistry form 4 syllabus, for the preparation of national and local exams. Majority of the iron produced in the blast furnace is converted into different steel alloys. Zinc is above hydrogen in the reactivity series hence displaces hydrogen from steam (water) and dilute acids like H. Pure zinc reacts slowly while impure zinc reacts faster/more quickly. Zinc occurs in many parts of the world as calamine which is mainly Zinc Carbonate and Zinc blende which is mainly Zinc sulphate. (Most students read from left to right, obviously) The following notes in Berry Berry Easy is Part 3 of SPM Chemistry Form 4 Notes on Periodic Table of Elements. The resultant carbon (IV) oxide produced in reaction (i) above further reduces any remaining lead (II) oxide; The scrap iron is added so as to react with any lead sulphide that may be present. Have a good thermal and electrical conductivity; It readily rusts in presence of moist air hydrated brown iron (III) oxide; Fe. - Making iron nails; horse shoe; agricultural implements like pangas; - Are alloys whose main components is iron. Contact process plant, to make use of the SO. The double bell charging system ensures that the furnace can be fed continuously from the top with very little heat loss, by preventing any escape of hot gases. Chemical leaching the crushed ore is first dissolved in a chemical where only the ore can dissolve. The entire group 1 metal can react with oxygen to form metal oxide. Outflow pipes from metal processing plants directly pour their waste into rivers and lakes, Air pollution is reduced by installation of scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators.Water pollution is reduced by liquid wastes from plants being treated and reversed so that minimal amount is released to the rivers, streams and oceans.Land pollution can be reduced by quarries and open trenches resulting from open cast mining being reclaimed by a process called landfill.Noise pollution can be reduced by enforcing laws and governmental efforts to control nose pollution. However it reacts with 50% Nitric acid, concentrated Nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid. Test the
Identify the compound and state its use. This occurs much lower down the furnace at higher temperatures of about 800. The sulphuric acid is reduced to sulphur (IV) oxide. Upon removal of dust particles, the furnace gases, being hot can be used to pre-heat the air blown in at the base. Get Revision Notes of Class 10th Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals to score good marks in your Exams. The extraction of aluminium from its ore takes place in two stages, purification stage and electrolysis stage. Used to separate ore particles that have sufficiently different colours to be detected by the naked eye. CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK CHAPTER 2: MATTER 1. Metal, any of a class of substances characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity as well as by malleability, ductility, and high reflectivity of light. The separated PbS is then dried and broken into smaller pieces, then subjected to reduction; The crushed and concentrated ore is roasted in a furnace to convert it to lead (II) oxide; During roasting some of the lead (II) sulphide is converted to lead (II) sulphate; Any lead sulphate formed is converted to lead silicate by silicon (IV) oxide; Additionally the lead (II) sulphate may further react with lead sulphide to form lead metal; The lead oxide obtained is mixed with coke, limestone and silica and some scrap iron; The mixture is fed into the top of the Imperial smelting furnace (ISF); where it is melted using hot air blasts introduced near the bottom of the furnace; The lead (II) oxide is reduced to lead by the coke. chemistry form four full notes Admin Tuesday, April 17, 2018 GET NOTES AND MATERIALS VIA WHATSAPP FOR PAYING A LIITLE AMOUNT OF MONEY; CONTACT US NOW : 0759 146185 OR 0622 105 865 Aluminium hydroxide is precipitated by bubbling carbon (IV) oxide through the sodium aluminate
The iron obtained from the furnace is about 90- 95% pure and its called cast iron or pig iron. The Ore is crushed and heated to remove water and other impurities with low melting point leaving behind 30 - 90% Iron ( III) oxide. The animation below shows how Sodium metal is extracted using the Down's process. Our notes of Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals are prepared by Science experts in an easy to remember format, covering all syllabus of CBSE, KVPY, NTSE, Olympiads, NCERT & other Competitive Exams. The iron reduces hot concentrated H 2 SO 4 to sulphur (IV) oxide and it is itself oxidized to iron (III) sulphate. 2 â¯â 2Li. Making cooking vessels/utensils such as sufurias. CHEMISTRY FORM 4 NOTES. Consequently steel wool or wood ash should NOT be used in aluminium utensils. Reduction of Iron( III) Oxide is carried out in a blast furnace. copper (I) sulphide is then heated in a regulated supply of air where some of it is converted to copper (I) oxide which is then reduced to copper metal by the remaining copper (I) sulphide. In this process the ground ore is mixed with water and oil and air blown into the mixture. This involves reacting the ore with a compound such as sodium cyanide; The cyanide ions form complex ions with the metal. Sodium is stored under oil to prevent contact with moisture from the atmosphere. Copper glance (Cu 2 S) is the ore of copper. After obtaining the oxide the metal is extracted by either reduction or electrolysis: The oxide is mixed with coke and limestone and heated in a furnace. During electrolysis, the copper anode dissolves into solution. All Rights Reserved. It burns with a blue-green flame when strongly heated in air to form an oxide which is yellow when hot and white when cold. Forms 7% of the earth s crust and is the most common metal, Electrolysis of purified bauxite (alumina. ⢠Alloy is a mixture of two or more elements with a certain fixed composition in which the major component is a metal 4. The iron impurities (mainly iron (III) oxide) DO NOT dissolve. Strips of pure copper are used as the cathode whereas the anode is made of the impure copper as shown in the following video clip. The high heat of formation of Aluminium oxide , results into a vigorous exothermic reaction that leads to a molten metal. Study it and answer the questions that follow. Study it and answer the questions that follow. The product is filtered off and silicate impurities remain in solution.Aluminum oxide residue is heated to give pure aluminium oxide. Steel or iron is used as the cathode , while carbon/graphite is used as the anode . intervals. Coursework e-Content CD covers all the topics for a particular class per year and costs 1200/- ( Per Subject per Class ). Avogadro Constant . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I ⦠A strong magnet is used to attract the magnetic components and leaving the non-magnetic materials behind. Liquid zinc being lighter settles above molten lead and is run off; The vapour is condensed in a spray of molten lead to prevent re-oxidation of zinc. Thus since zinc is more reactive thn hydrogen, its ions undergo reduction faster; If graphite electrodes were used, hydrogen gas would have been evolved instead; Evolution of a colourless gas that relights a glowing splint; Over 80% of zinc is extracted by the electrolytic method. At the furnace temperatures zinc exists in vapour form, and leaves at the top of the furnace. The oxide ore is ground and treated under pressure/ dissolved in hot aqueous sodium hydroxide. Since the metal rod is dipped into a solution of its ions, the impure lead solid undergoes oxidation, losing electrons to form lead (II) ions, Pb. When heated it reacts with oxygen to form tri-iron tetroxide; Fe 3 O 4 ; It does not readily react with cold water. Chief impurities are small quantities of silica and iron (III) oxide. Pay the amount to Patrick, Install ADOBE Flash Player for Best Results, Source Documents and Books of Original Entry, Effect of Electric Current on Substances, Contacts Between East Africa and the Outside, Early agriculture in Egypt and Mesopotamia, Lives and contributions of Kenyan leaders, Political developments and Struggle for Independence, Structure and Functions of the Government of Kenya, Electoral processes in other parts of the World. The apparatus for the preparation of AlCl. It's filtered and the purified ore is crystallized ore is crystallized and the crystallized out of the filtrate.Reduction of the ore to metalThere are two major methods of obtaining the metals from the use.a.) Is thesecond most abundant metal after aluminium, forming about 7% of the earth s crust. Aluminium chloride is readily/easily hydrolysed by water/moisture, and so it fumes in damp air with the evolution of hydrogen chloride gas. If the ore roasted is Zinc blende then the oxides of lead and Zinc are formed. This method is known as froth
Life Skills Education is the study of abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and the challenges of everyday life. 4K + O. If the ore is near the surface, use open-cast mining or quarrying. Why is the anode made of graphite and not steel? Zinc metal is obtained from the oxide via a series of steps: The ZnO obtained from roasting the ore is converted to zinc sulphate by reacting it with dilute sulphuric (VI) acid. The iron produced in both of the reduction processes is in solid state.
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