The country became independent on October 1, 1960, and in 1963 adopted a republican constitution but elected to stay a member of the Commonwealth. The main Muslim and Christian festivals are often celebrated in ways that are unique to Nigeria or unique to the people of a locality. The northern part of the country then became larger than the southern part. [130] As of 2020, the Eco currency has been delayed to 2025. Adamawa State; The capital of Adamawa is Yola. Nigeria is greatly endowed with numerous tree species of which the majority of them are native while few are exotic. Rivers draining the area north of the Niger-Benue trough include the Sokoto, the Kaduna, the Gongola, and the rivers draining into Lake Chad. The middle two-thirds of the country, the savanna regions, contain reddish, laterite soils; they are somewhat less fertile than those of the north because they are not subject to as much seasonal drying, nor do they receive the greater rainfall that occurs in the more southerly regions. With this Africa-centered stance, Nigeria readily sent troops to the Congo at the behest of the United Nations shortly after independence (and has maintained membership since that time). In June 2012, President Goodluck Jonathan said Nigerians should limit their number of children. [254] On lower levels of society, there are the "area boys", organised gangs mostly active in Lagos who specialise in mugging and small-scale drug dealing. Nigeria has remained a key player in the international oil industry since the 1970s, and maintains membership in Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which it joined in July 1971. Witnesses or anyone who helps gay couples marry will be sentenced to 10 years behind bars. [142], Due to overexploitation, the remaining natural ecosystems and primary forests in Nigeria are restricted to the protected areas which include one biosphere reserve, seven national parks, one World Heritage site, 12 Strict Nature Reserves (SNRs), 32 game reserves/wildlife sanctuaries, and hundreds of forest reserves. [146], In 2005 Nigeria had the highest rate of deforestation in the world, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The use of slave labor was extensive, especially in agriculture. Their dominance reached as far as the city of Eko (an Edo name later changed to Lagos by the Portuguese) and further. The 2002 Miss World pageant was moved from Abuja to London in the wake of violent protests by Muslims in the Northern part of the country that left at least a hundred dead and more than 500 injured. [237][238] As of 2014[update], life expectancy in Nigeria is 52.62 years on average according to CIA,[239] and just over half the population have access to potable water and appropriate sanitation; As of 2010[update], the infant mortality is 8.4 deaths per 1000 live births. [160], Nigeria is the 12th largest producer of petroleum in the world and the 8th largest exporter, and has the 10th largest proven reserves. Everything in between the far south and the far north is savannah (insignificant tree cover, with grasses and flowers located between trees). Bioye Tajudeen Aluko and Abdul–Rasheed Amidu, Epiphany Azinge, "The Right to Vote in Nigeria: A Critical Commentary on the Open Ballot System,". [58], A changing legal imperative (transatlantic slave trade outlawed by Britain in 1807) and economic imperative (a desire for political and social stability) led most European powers to support the widespread cultivation of agricultural products, such as the palm, for use in European industry. Hydromorphic and organic soils, confined largely to areas underlain by sedimentary rocks along the coast and river floodplains, are the youngest soil types. [123], Millions of Nigerians have emigrated during times of economic hardship, primarily to Europe, North America and Australia. Some films and audio documentaries include: The 2009 thriller film The Figurine is generally considered the game changer, which heightened the media attention towards New Nigerian Cinema revolution. The area near the border with Cameroon close to the coast is rich rainforest and part of the Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests ecoregion, an important centre for biodiversity. First-year entry requirements into most universities in Nigeria include: Minimum of SSCE/GCE Ordinary Level Credits at a maximum of two sittings; Minimum cut-off marks in Joint Admission and Matriculation Board Entrance Examination (JAMB) of 180 and above out of a maximum of 400 marks are required. [21][22][Note 2] Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy,[23] and is also considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank;[24] it has been identified as a regional power on the African continent,[25][26][27] a middle power in international affairs,[28][29][30][31] and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Fuji music, a Yoruba percussion style, was created and popularised by Mr. Fuji, Alhaji Sikiru Ayinde Barrister. Both sites are planned to house two plants each. The victim is talked into exchanging bank account information on the premise that the money will be transferred to them and they will get to keep a cut. It currently has an indigenous vehicle manufacturing company, Innoson Motors, which manufactures saloon cars, rapid transit buses, ambulances, firefighting trucks and SUVs. Many airlines offer flights to Lagos, including Emirates, Delta, Virgin Atlantic and British Airways. The New Helmsmen. After the 1970s oil boom, tertiary education was improved so it would reach every subregion of Nigeria. Because of the above issues, Nigeria's political parties are pan-national and secular in character (though this does not preclude the continuing preeminence of the dominant ethnicities). The House contains 360 seats, with the number of seats per state determined by population. The UNHCR representative said in 20 years of work, she had "never seen such a level of destruction". Nigeria's Premier University was founded in 1962, it will be one of the five campuses of the new Pan African University (PAU), founded in 2011. ", "Economic and Financial Crimes Commission – EFCC – Home", "2002:Riots force Miss World out of Nigeria", "Nigeria: We Are Responsible for Borno Killings, Says Boko Haram", "Suspected Boko Haram fighters kill 65 in attack on funeral in Nigeria", "Islamic State group in Nigeria kills 20 soldiers, displaces 1,000 people", "Nigeria: Hundreds killed and churches burned in latest Fulani massacre", "Death toll from northwest Nigeria attack doubles to 130", "Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women", "Failure to pass equality bill betrays Nigerian women, activists say", "Refworld – Nigeria: Prevalence of forced marriage, particularly in Muslim and Yoruba communities; information on legislation, including state protection; ability of women to refuse a forced marriage", "Nigeria's child brides: 'I thought being in labour would never end, "Nigeria: Child brides facing death sentences a decade after child marriage prohibited", "Women and Land Rights Reforms in Nigeria", "Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) – Data", "Nigeria's female genital mutilation ban is important precedent, say campaigners", "In Nigeria, neglected women bear the shame of fistulas", "Women and the Informal Sector in Nigeria: Implications for Development", "Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death", "Nigeria's president signs law imposing up to 14 years' jail for gay relationships, "Shocking photos of starving 'witch' toddler inspire massive donations", "AP/CNN: MTV launches first-ever African music award show", "Nigerian films try to move upmarket: Nollywood's new scoreboard", "Toronto: Nigerians disagree over new Nollywood", "Hello Nollywood: how Nigeria became Africa's biggest economy overnight", "Nollywood helps Nigeria kick South Africa's economic butt", "TB Joshua – 21st Century Prophet in Our Midst? [214] The vast majority of Muslims in Nigeria are Sunni belonging to Maliki school of jurisprudence; however, a sizeable minority also belongs to Shafi Madhhab. [64] An imbalance was created in the polity by the result of the 1961 plebiscite. [284] According to the U.S. Department of State,[284] the most significant human rights problems are: use of excessive force by security forces; impunity for abuses by security forces; arbitrary arrests; prolonged pretrial detention; judicial corruption and executive influence on the judiciary; rape, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of prisoners, detainees and suspects; harsh and life‑threatening prison and detention centre conditions; human trafficking for the purpose of prostitution and forced labour; societal violence and vigilante killings; child labour, child abuse and child sexual exploitation; domestic violence; discrimination based on ethnicity, region and religion. A visiting Nigerian Senator reported that all the primary and post-primary schools, health centres, worship centres as well as the police station in the area were destroyed. Jonathan was generally praised for conceding defeat and limiting the risk of unrest. Although these soils can readily be leached and lose their fertility, they are the most productive agriculturally. For this triumvirate, they convinced General Murtala Mohammad to become military head of state, with General Olusegun Obasanjo as his second-in-command, and General Theophilus Danjuma as the third. Nigeria (/naɪˈdʒɪəriə/ (listen)), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a sovereign country in West Africa bordering Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [88], Babangida survived the 1990 Nigerian coup d'état attempt, then postponed a promised return to democracy to 1992. This process advocated that any candidate needed to pass through adoption for all elective positions from the local government, state government and federal government. On 11 November 2008, NigComSat-1 failed in orbit after running out of power because of an anomaly in its solar array. 2014. [16][17][18] It has the third-largest youth population in the world, after India and China, with nearly half its population under the age of eighteen. Around 42.5% of the population were 14 years or younger, 19.6% were aged 15–24, 30.7% were aged 25–54, 4.0% aged 55–64, and 3.1% aged 65 years or older. [188][189] The satellite, was stated to have a positive impact on national development in various sectors such as communications, internet services, health, agriculture, environmental protection and national security.[190]. Petroleum plays a large role in the Nigerian economy, accounting for 40% of GDP and 80% of Government earnings. Get directions, maps, and traffic for Lagos, . 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