This is a perfect example of visual learning to be sure, and, more specifically, using “Dual-Coding” as a learning strategy. Ways to Integrate Dual Coding into the Classroom. Is drilling worth it? Assessment tasks can also ask students to use dual coding to demonstrate their learning. The psychological research I have been exploring lately is called "Dual Coding Theory." Paivio (1986) provides a dual coding explanation of bilingual processing. No discussion of cognition and learning would be complete without at least a brief mention of two of the main theories behind cognition in learning. I am a regular reader of the blog posts written by Tom Johns and this post does exactly what the title states – 20 ideas & strategies for Student Led Dual Coding. His most significant discovery was that we have two separate channels that deal with verbal and visual stimuli. Dual Coding Theory and Education James M. Clark 1,3 and Allan Paivio 2 Dual coding theory (DCT) explains human behavior and experience in terms of dynamic associative processes that operate on a rich network of modality- specific verbal and nonverbal (or imagery) representations. And it’s even better to combine drilling with the dual coding learning strategy. The timeline serves as visual support so students know how events succeed each other. According to Paivio, there are two ways a person could expand on learned material: verbal associations and visual imagery. In this blog post, Sumeracki states “if a student experiences cognitive overload trying to process all of the information in a meaningful way then dual coding can harm learning”. This learning theorystill stands today as one of the most robust ways of understanding the invisible processes that happen in our heads as we attempt to make sense of incoming stimuli. © 2013-2020 Kidimedia. pictures and movies)
Verbally –process linguistic information(i.e. All rights reserved. and adapt them with your own content. Dual coding theory 1. There are many ways to visually represent material, such as with infographics, timelines, cartoon strips, diagrams, and graphic organizers. The second lesson example combines images with audio. This phenomenon is now known as the multimedia effect. That’s why teaching your students the effective learning strategies is a must for all teachers. While being independent of each other, they a… Go from the first question to the last to see how you can visualize learning with BookWidgets. (Download the dual coding poster right here). One of my students said it was a stressful strategy because she is a perfectionist and wanted her notes and illustrations to be beautiful but also informative. A recipe for effective revision & successful results …, Understanding How We Learn: A Visual Guide, Why every teacher should be using dual coding in the classroom. Dual-coding theory is the process of blending both words and pictures whilst learning. The worksheet and the quiz widget have 30+ different question types, many of which are very visual. Visual examples are a tool in almost every teacher’s kit. Think about using a bingo game, a pair matching exercise, the spot-the-difference widget, the frame-sequence widgets and many more. You are probably already using dual coding in your classroom. Here’s an example of an editable timeline of the lifecycle of a butterfly. Students can be asked to illustrate descriptions or to describe or provide labeling for a diagram. The arrangement and organization of the text and accompanying images … Here’s an example of how you could use these feature to help your students learn better. Combine visuals with text OR words, video with audio, video with text OR words. I still have a lot to learn about dual coding. According to Paivio, there are two ways a person could expand on learned material: verbal associations and visual imagery. Dual Coding: Can there be too much of a good thing? It goes onto stipulate that there are two “cognitive subsystems” that help learners to process information that is being presented by the instructor or through the educational materials. Check out the different widget types that can be used for dual coding. In this post, I’ll handle the learning strategy “dual coding”, for which I also created 7 inspiring lesson examples. According to the Dual Coding Theory, both verbal and non-verbal processing is essential for learning. “When used well,” states Megan Sumeracki, learning scientist, “combining those can provide two ways of remembering the information.” This theory suggests that there are two distinct subsystems contributing to cognition: one is specialized for language and verbal information, and the other for images and non-verbal information. remembering the information later on. Dual coding theory accounts for the significance of spatial abilities in theories of intelligence (e.g., Guilford). Timelines are obviously an activity that work well with the study of chronology in history and politics. Dual coding and learning styles sound similar but are not quite the same thing. This post was a reflection on a presentation Rufus delivered to his colleagues about dual coding and the implications this has on learning. For example, teacher Tatiyana Webb gives students more time now to elaborate, via a one-minute “Stand and Talk” time where students talk about the concept, with each other, for a minute. Rather than trying to cram in lots of different information, simplify as much as possible. Imagery potentiates recall of verbal material because when a word evokes an associate… Head of Geography and author Mark Enser has written a very useful article for the TES entitled Why every teacher should be using dual coding in the classroom. I liked the examples and practical tips included in this post as to how dual coding can support and enhance teacher explanation, which Rufus also discussed in his blog too. Give your students some visual or audio guidelines when you let them practice the learning materials. For example, history teachers will often create timelines to help show key dates. Almost every widget allows you to include images. I won’t ever be the next Oliver Caviglioli but he has inspired me to try this now myself. Ways to Integrate Dual Coding into the Classroom. Use a background image and add different pop-ups explaining the image. Many thanks, I love it and I would like to apply to my lessons Dual Coding . Dual coding will also make the presentation content more memorable for me too. A timeline places important events in the right order. In the BookWidgets flashcards widget, you can add text, images, and audio. ‘Dual coding’ is simply using more than one channel to process and recall information. I have blogged previously about how I use this technique in my classroom, you can read that post here. Another excellent blog post that explains the importance and impact of using visuals in the classroom can be read here – which urges teachers to think about using more visuals in their classroom instruction. Dual-coding theory, a theory of cognition, was hypothesized by Allan Paivio of the University of Western Ontario in 1971. Graphic organizers Dual-coding theory is the process of blending both words and pictures whilst learning. Cartoons. Here to help you learn more! Whilst it may seem a simple strategy there is … This theory suggests that there are two distinct subsystems contributing to cognition: one is specialized for language and verbal information, and the other for images and non-verbal information. Baddeley, A. Dual coding is about combining verbal material with visuals in your teaching practice. The memory emphasis evolved into broader ... For example, one Brunian method combined (a) ... learning and memory are at the heart of educational goals. I have noticed an improvement with effort and concentration when students are using dual coding in the classroom. I know, that’s not always easy. The more I read the more I learn about the complexities of the different channels connected to memory and how dual coding can lead to cognitive overload and how there are ways to ensure clarity and improve effectiveness ( I share the links that explore these below). Choose from over 40 Timelines can also be used in other subjects, for example, I have seen impressive timelines used in English Literature and Drama illustrating the chronological order of events of a plot using both visuals and text. The work of Oliver Caviglioli, former Headteacher turned information designer, has also been incredibly helpful, informative and insightful in regards to dual coding. The course will help to explain the principles of dual coding, interleaving, spaced practice, retrieval practice, elaboration and concrete examples and why these help students learn. Put simply, the use of verbal and visual information – not learning styles. And with more difficult concepts, which is what these were now we were moving on to - I think that’s imperative, that pupils are motivated to engage with the dual coding. Use photographs as an aide-memoire to make connection and improve recall. Mayer then spent 30 years investigating which conditions with which different media simultaneously resulted in better learning. This research led to the dual coding as a learning strategy. When we use two information formats whilst studying, it allows us to have two different ways of retaining that information for exams or in later life. In coding theory, the dual code of a linear code ⊂ is the linear code defined by ⊥ = {∈ ∣ , = ∀ ∈} where , = ∑ = is a scalar product. They especially serve as inspiration, so you know how you can adapt your lessons so students benefit from them. The BookWidgets library has over 40 creative exercise templates, and most of them can be used to support the most effective learning strategies. For example, Dual Coding Theory applies when creating explainer videos using mysimpleshow because of the … There are a few ways to begin integrating dual coding into your classroom. The worksheet and the quiz widget have 30+ different question types, many of which are very visual. Let your students find some images in their course material and let them examine how the words are describing what’s in the image. Building success in learning in this way, forms the steadiest of platforms for motivation as nothing motivates like success. Dual coding theory (DCT) explains human behavior and experience in terms of dynamic associative processes that operate on a rich network of modality-specific verbal and nonverbal (or imagery) representations. Add a text on one side, and ask your students to summarize it on the whiteboard on the other side. The Quintessential of The Dual Coding Theory. lessons for tablets, smartphones, and computers. It goes onto stipulate that there are two “cognitive subsystems” that help learners to process information that is being presented by the instructor or through the educational materials. Use it to create a storyline so students can remember better. However, a recent report (Pomerance, Greenberg, & Walsh, 2016) found that few teacher-training textbooks cover these principles; current study-skills courses also lack coverage of these important learning strategies. Memorizing knowledge is still necessary. Yet the term and the discussion around this approach has only become widespread in recent years (despite the work of Allan Paivio with his dual coding theory dating back to 1971 and he states that dual coding has its roots in the practical use of imagery as a memory aid 2500 years ago!). In this blog post series, I’m giving you explicit lesson ideas with BookWidgets for each learning technique. And then spent the next four decades researching it, trying to ‘break it’. In developing this theory, Paivio used the idea that the formation of mental images aids learning. Storytelling is a very powerful way to bring forth lesson material, and you’ll see your students can reproduce a story much faster than just a normal (theoretical) text. This applies to so many facets of life, but let’s take one decision everyone has to make at some point: choosing a career. Oh yes, your students can also zoom in on images in widgets. Below is the sketch by Caviglioli when he attended my recent session at ResearchEd Dubai. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Some students have fully embraced this study strategy whereas others don’t like it. This is typical of the stuff we see in good presentations; an image with minimal text to associate with the words the presenter is saying. Dual coding theory has been applied to many cognitive phenomena including: mnemonics, problem-solving, concept learning and language. Richard Mayer and Richard Anderson wanted to extend that idea to look at how verbal and visual information is processed when someone learns something new. The psychological research I have been exploring lately is called "Dual Coding Theory." Pop-ups can be text, audio, video, links, and even more widgets. You can also order the new book, soon to be published, by Oliver Caviglioli and John Catt Publishing entitled Dual Coding With Teachers I have already pre-ordered this book and I am looking forward to reading it as there is a wide range of contributors featured as well as the words of wisdom from Caviglioli. There are now lots of videos, blog posts, podcasts and presentations shared by educators about how dual coding can be used effectively in the classroom. References. When creating your own resources with dual coding in mind there are some basic guides that can transform the quality and effectiveness of our endeavours. Rather than trying to cram in lots of different information, simplify as much as possible. Jesse Finafrock observed that elaboration “helps with engagement,” noting that elaboration can be worked in almost every day, and doesn’t require a self-standing lesson or lessons. This digital exercise is the perfect fit when it comes to visual learning. But, what is it about combining a picture with text that helps students learn? I have included a range of examples below of my students’ work (mainly in history but other examples are included from politics and social studies) using the dual coding strategy – combing written text and visual images. Because learning styles and Dual Coding have a few things in common, and while learning styles is an extraordinarily widely believed myth about how we learn, it’s Dual Coding that has the strong scientific backing and immense practical applicability for teachers. Dual coding theory has been applied to many cognitive phenomena including: mnemonics, problem-solving, concept learning and language. When you teach this way, students have two ways of understanding and 5 dual coding lesson examples - YouTube The Quintessential of The Dual Coding Theory. How does the image represent the text? Dual coding is pairing relevant, illustrative images with words. Dual Coding is not only applied in regards to problem-solving and concept learning but also inhibits significance in spatial intelligence, mnemonics, and language. Let’s take a look! Here are a few things your students will have to do: Now you know the meaning of dual coding, you can get started! In linear algebra terms, the dual code is the annihilator of C with respect to the bilinear form ⋅ .The dimension of C and its dual always add up to the length n: ⁡ + ⁡ ⊥ =. 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