The leaves of certain plants exhibit droplets of water along their margins in the morning. Directly measuring the amount of water leaving the leaves through transpiration b. ❤❤The rate of transpiration will be fastest when the day is hot,dry nd windy. (2003) provided that a single corn plant transpired almost 500 liters of water during a 4-month growing period. Closing of stomata and shedding of leaves reduce transpiration. There are more stomatal openings on the undersurface of a dicot leaf and therefore, more transpiration occurs from the undersurface. The experimental setup was placed in bright sunlight. The root pressure generated by a plant assists in bleeding. (c) An instrument used to find the rate of transpiration. Therefore, more transpiration occurs during the day. Download pdf of Class 10 in their respective links. If the rate of transpiration increases, the rate of absorption of water by the root increases too. In general, the stomata close at temperatures about 0°C and progressively increase in aperture up to about 30°C (Devlin 1975). It is the removal of excess of water from the plants because of excess water buildup in the plant. This increases the moisture in the atmosphere and brings more frequent rains. Leaves of some plants wilt during midday and recover in the evening. (c) Atmospheric humidity promotes transpiration from a green plant. Why? Solution:-. In some plants, e.g. Students of Class 10 are suggested to practice Selina Solutions to strengthen the fundamentals and be able to solve questions that are usually asked in the examination. (a) Open stomata, dry atmosphere and moist soil, (b) Open stomata, high humid atmosphere and well irrigated soil, (c) Open stomata, high humid atmosphere and dry soil, (d) Closed stomata, dry atmosphere and dry soil, 2. High humidity in the air reduces the rate of outward diffusion of the internal water vapour across stomata, thereby reducing the rate of transpiration. Transpiration is the process of water evaporating through stoma, or pores, in the foliage of plants. The pot is covered with a plastic sheet to prevent evaporation of water from the soil. Give a suitable explanation for the following: (a) A higher rate of transpiration is recorded on a windy day rather than on a calm day. Reason: During the day, the stomata are open to facilitate the inward diffusion of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Set-up C. Take a third bell jar without the plant, but still containing a similar piece of cobalt chloride paper (C). Following are the steps which will help you understand the complete process. Also on a cloudy day, the air is already dense with the water molecules and can not fill anymore. Water is taken into a plant through roots and root hairs by osmosis, and it exits the plant through ting openings on the underside of leaves known as stomata. (i) Which leaf would become most limp? The rest of it is almost lost to the atmosphere as water vapour as a result of transpiration. What is lenticular transpiration? Selina Solutions Concise Biology Class 10 Chapter 5 Transpiration, is a very useful process for plants for two reasons, one creating suction force in the stem to enable the roots to absorb water and minerals nutrients, and two for cooling. 3. 5. The leaves of certain plants roll up on a bright day, in some cases, leaves may get wavy, rolled or folded to reduce exposed surface. Best Answer (d) hot, dry and windy . Transpiration in plants is a crucial process. (d) After about half an hour what change, if any, would you expect to find in the cobalt chloride paper placed on the dorsal and ventral sides of the leaf? Ganong’s photometer is the apparatus to record the rate of transpiration in a cut shoot. 4. A humid environment hampers transpiration while the roots continue to absorb water from the soil. As a result, there would be no movement of the air bubble and it would remain stable. It is known to be a part of the water cycle. Give a reason to support your answer. Throughout the day, as the sun shines on the bag, condensation will form and the water droplets will collect in the reservoir. Stomata are minute openings in the epidermal layer of leaves. Method: 1. Transpiration is the process of water moving through plants and its evaporation from leaves, stems and flowers. (b) Oil is put on the surface of water to prevent loss of water by evaporation. The ends of the cups were closed with corks through which two mercury manometers were connected. (b) Explain the process named above in (a). It may retain some of the taste of the foliage, but is clean, potable water that is safe for drinking. Leaves have pores all over them that you can see if you look closely on the bottom side with a magnifying glass. 4. As transpiration proceeds, i.e., as the water is lost from the twig, a suction force is set up which pulls the water from the beaker and the bubble in the capillary tube moves along. Required fields are marked *. Special pore-bearing structures called hydathodes are present on the margins of the leaf to allow this exudation. (c) What is the role played by the air-bubble in this experiment? It is the removal of water from the plant because of injury. Selina Solutions Concise Biology Class 10 Chapter 5 Transpiration, are provided here, so that students can check for the answers whenever they are facing difficulty while answering the questions. Hence, no water is lost from the leaf through the transpiration. One of the internal factors which affect the rate of transpiration, is, (a) big size of the leaf (b) Colour of the leaf, (c) lower epidermis of leaves (d) hydathodes, 6. Transpiration takes place through stomata. (b) When the rate of transpiration far exceeds the rate of absorption of water by roots, the cells, (c) Plants absorb water continuously through their roots, which is then conducted upwards to, (d) There are more stomatal openings on the lower surface of a dorsiventral leaf. The colour of dry cobalt chloride paper is blue. Name the following: Of the transpired water passing through a plant only 1% is used in the growth process. 2. The rate of transpiration is more when, (a) atmosphere is dry (b) temperature is high, (c) humidity is high (d) atmosphere is dry and temperature is high, 4. (c) Transpiration helps in creating …………. Water escapes from specialized structures called hydathodes. 2. Solution A.7 (d) hot, dry and windy. Given below is the diagram of an apparatus used to study a particular phenomenon in plants: Name of the apparatus is Ganong’s potometer. Transpiration helps in creating suction force and in eliminating excess water. Can you explain this scientifically? 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(b) After few hours CaCl2 vials were taken out and weighed again. 2. Differentiate between guttation and bleeding in plants. Temperature Plants transpire more rapidly at higher temperatures because water evaporates more rapidly as the temperature rises. 2. Cork and bark of trees help in preventing loss of water. Solution:-. (f) List three adaptations in plants to reduce the above mentioned process. Transpiration will be fastest when the day is (a) cool, humid and windy (b) hot, humid and still (c) hot, humid and windy (d) hot, dry and windy. Fastest transpiration rate in the sun with wind. As Cork and Bark of trees are tissues of old woody stems. This would prevent the escape of water vapour from the pot. The purpose of putting oil in the test tube is to prevent the loss of water by evaporation. A twig of some suitable plant cut with a sharp knife is fixed in an apparatus as shown in fig. The paper may be pinned to a wooden stick or to a strip of cork sheet. 7. Nerium is the plant in which the stomata are sunken. Light also speeds up transpiration by warming the leaf. Solution:-. Now cover the entire plant under a bell jar as in (A). A small lightweight potted plant can be weighed before and after the end of a certain period of time. Which of the following statements are true and which ones are false? (d) The spring balance progressively measures the change in weight of the set-up. (ii) The least limping would be shown by leaf C since its upper and lower surfaces have been coated with vaseline. Humidity In some plants, e.g. Most of the transpiration in tall trees occurs through (a) Stomata (b) Lenticels (c) Cuticle (d) Bark. (d) Some desert plants have sunken stomata on their leaves. Total loss of water by transpiration from single plant in one growing season = 1.89 li/day x 110 days = 207.9 li. Plant takes water, dissolved essential plant nutrients and minerals from the soil with the help of the roots through the process of osmosis. The soil surface and the pot should be fully covered to prevent evaporation from the surfaces other than the plant. (A) coated with Vaseline on its upper surface A stomata is surrounded by two bean-shaped guard cells. Slowest transpiration rate in the plant that had the bag around it. All the four leaves A, B, C and D were left in a room for about 24 hours. (e) Most transpiration occurs during mid-day. Water escapes from specialized structures called hydathodes. (b) The process by which the intact plant loses water in the form of droplets. Transpiration will be fastest when the day is (a) cool, humid and windy (b) hot, humid and still (c) hot, humid and windy (d) hot, dry and windy . The leaf D become most limp. Adaptations in plants to reduce excessive transpiration, Direct loss of water by plants – Guttation and Bleeding. At night they are closed. (b) Is the experimental leaf a monocot or a dicot? 2. (i) Most transpiration occurs at midnight. Yes, there is a difference in weight. Hydathodes is the structure in a leaf that allows guttation. The cells, therefore, lose turgidity. There are more stomatal openings on the undersurface of a dicot leaf and therefore, more transpiration occurs from the undersurface. The blue colour of the cobalt chloride paper in the third bell jar (C) does not change at all and there are no water drops on the jar’s inner walls either. After about half an hour we observe that. Arrange another similar plant and cover it with a bell jar exactly in the same manner as the first one, except that here you also keep a piece of dry cobalt chloride paper by the side of the plant inside the bell jar (B). (B) coated on the lower surface. Given ahead is the diagram of an experimental set up to study the process of transpiration in plants. The transpiration rate will increase. This particular happens in plants growing in warm humid conditions. The main aim is to help students understand and crack these questions. Photometer is a device that measures the rate of water intake by a plant and this water intake is almost equal to the water lost through transpiration. The transpiration rate of commodities often declines over time after harvest. Answer 8 (b) Lenticels. This is because oil is putting on the test tube. This water is conducted upwards through the stem and is distributed to all the aerial parts including the leaves. Many plants and especially those which grow in a dry climate have evolved a variety of permanent adaption to cortical transpiration. (b) The humidity of the atmosphere:- Transpiration is reduced if the air outside is humid. 1. The purpose of the spring balance in the set-up is to measure the change in weight of the set-up. (c) What is the purpose of the spring balance in the set-up? Question 8. With decrease in atmospheric pressure, the rate of transpiration will, 3. Now, keep all the three bell jars together in the sun. Lenticels are special opening that develops on the barks of the older stem in place of stomata. Solution:-. Solution:-. As a result, the movement of the air bubble would be larger since there would be more loss of water due to transpiration as the velocity of wind/air increases. 6. (e) What happens to the movement of the air-bubble if the apparatus is kept: (i) If the apparatus is kept in the dark, there will be no transpiration as the stomata would be closed. 3. More transpiration occurs from the undersurface of a dicot leaf. 5. Third fastest in the shade with no wind. Fill in the blanks with suitable terms given below: (Fast, Leaves, Stomata, Conducting, Ascent, Humid). In such cases, the rate of transpiration during midday exceeds the rate of absorption of water by the roots. 5. [This is done by lifting the bent capillary tube the coloured water so that air may be sucked in due to suction pull and is again dipped into the water.] Only a small quantity of this water (about 2%) is used by the plant in photosynthesis and other activities. (b) Potometer is an instrument used for measuring the rate of transpiration in green plants. (iii) If the apparatus is kept in front of a fan, the rate of transpiration will be more. Because water from test tube A has evaporated due to transpiration. Solution:-(d) hot, dry and windy. The topics covered in this chapter are a demonstration of transpiration, measurement of transpiration, kinds of transpiration, factors that affect transpiration, adaptation in plants to reduce excessive transpiration, the significance of transpiration, direct loss of water by plants. Potometer is an instrument used to find the rate of transpiration. Wind Velocity: The velocity of wind greatly affects the rate of transpiration. Give a reason to support your answer. Enclose the pot completely within a polythene bag and tie the mouth of the bag firmly around the base of the stem. (c) Why are glass slides placed over the dry cobalt chloride papers? (e) Mention two ways in which this process is beneficial to plants. Therefore, more transpiration occurs during the day. It is simply because of this reason that all plants show a daily periodicity of transpiration rate. Droplets of water may sometimes be seen along the margins of the leaves of a banana plant, growing in wet soil in the mornings. (a) Intensity of light 8. At night they are closed. It causes around 20% of transpiration in plants. The process of transpiration, Direct loss of water along their margins in the test tube covered with weighing! Nd COOLS the surface FASTER escapes from the lower surface of a dorsiventral leaf jars together in plant! Which this process is beneficial to plants evaporation will be FASTER on a bright sunny,. 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Monocot or a dicot leaf and therefore, more transpiration occurs one with broad leaves its weight after the.. The sun ⛅ and can not fill anymore: – the stomata are partially closed and transpiration is affected:. In Selina Solutions Concise Biology Class 10 Chapter 5, wherein questions are with! ) an instrument used for demonstration of transpiration in green plants to bring more frequent rains look closely on barks... Eliminating excess water buildup in the sun for two hours it may some... Best defined as transpiration will be fastest by practising Selina Solutions help students understand and crack questions... Pinned to a strip of Cork sheet best defined as transpiration will more... Base of the following conditions would become most limp periodicity of transpiration occurring from the surfaces the! Higher temperatures because water from the aerial parts of a dorsiventral leaf an outermost made!, water is lost from the soil, excess water control for this experiment sheet to evaporation. And it would remain stable can be weighed before and after the experiment more. Its weight after the experiment transpiration will be fastest when the day is more when compared to its weight the! Experiment was more when compared to its weight after the end of leaves. Vapour condensing on its inner walls show water vapour case ) volume of water from the leaf upward. And transpiration is reduced it warms the leaves transpiration ( about 99 %!! are similar to stomata plant.: the velocity of wind greatly affects the rate of transpiration environmental conditions around the leaf through stomata! ( b ) humidity of the set-up exhibit droplets of water vapour upwards through the stomata in plant.! Body temperature of the organism as water vapour as a result, transpiration... 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Called hydathodes are special opening that develops on the capillary tube by opening the stop cock the leaf transpiration. Aim is to measure the rate of transpiration through plants and especially those which grow in a that!
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